Wednesday, December 5, 2018

LEARNING AND DISCOVERY--THE PEOPLE OF THE HILLS REGION

I came to Africa to see the animals, 

but it is the encounters with the people that I will remember most.


I had no idea when we signed up for this OAT trip to Tanzania all that we'd see and do. Sure, the animals were the big draw. And the itinerary listed the OAT standard "A Day in the Life" experience and a visit to a school supported by the Grand Circle Foundation; but beyond that, I had no preconceptions or expectations. 

Even after our first home visit, the ride in a tuk-tuk, and taste-testing local banana beer, I wasn't prepared for all the different opportunities for learning and discovery that awaited us every single day. For example: on Day 2 of the Hills of Kilimanjaro pre-trip, we were given the opportunity to visit a local medical clinic located near our tented camp. It was an optional, free time activity, so not all of us chose to partake. But I did, along with four others.

Along the way to the clinic I commented on three young girls I saw carrying large bundles of sticks on their backs. "Do you want to try that?" asked Lenny, our Trip Leader. "Of course," was my immediate and enthusiastic reply. This was the first "Stop the Land Cruiser" moment. (There would be more.)

View the following photos that tell the rest of the story.


This first photo was actually taken after I had tried carrying the load of firewood. 
As you can see, each of the girls has a bottle of water as a 'gratuity' for allowing us to take pictures and engage with them.

This is/was an on-going personal concern about how to engage with the locals without 1. My feeling like a voyeur, and 2. Their feeling like an animal on display. To allay at least part of those concerns I assumed that the people involved in these 'Learning and Discovery' encounters were compensated, but I didn't know how and/or when.

Judging by their height, these girls are probably 8-10 years old.
And despite their shaved heads, which to Western eyes may suggest they are boys,
 we learned that only girls gather wood. In fact, as we would later learn,
 girls and women do all of the labor intensive domestic work of maintaining a family/village.
Girls are often promised in marriage long before they are of age, 

and according to our Trip Leader, they often wear a single white beaded necklace 
as an indication that they have been spoken for.  
Marrying girls in exchange for cows or money is still being practiced, 
and Tanzania has one of the highest percentage of child brides in the world. 
Almost two out of five girls in Tanzania are married before their 18th birthday. 

Unlike the girls who take these bundles on and off by themselves, I needed the help of Lenny to lift mine up and onto my back. 
I guessed the bundle itself to weigh about 30#, which equaled the weight of my safari duffel. 
I knew could lift that, but getting this bundle of sticks onto my back 
and the head strap across the top of my head proved more difficult that I imagined. 

Look closely and you can see the girls giggling at my awkward attempt.

Notice the machete stuck diagonally through the bundle of sticks.
Not until later when I looked at this photo did I realize it was there.

Oh My Goodness! This is really heavy!

Walking proved difficult, too. I tried leaning forward to compensate
for the weight on my back, but I am sure that after a few yards,
my lower back would be screaming.
And watching the girls, I could see they were able to stand pretty much erect.

Even Sylvester, the Kambi Ya Tembo camp manager who served as our local guide today, took a turn at carrying a bundle. 
There was definitely lots of Learning and Discovery going on! 

Notice the machete now in my right hand. I'm ready to go to work.


In addition to my own memory and notes I took, I used the following resources for the verification of facts and elaboration of content for the above section.


Next Stop--the Clinic


Or, so I thought. Before going to the clinic, we visited Olmoti Primary School which is part of the growing Olmoti Community Center. It was Sunday, so no students were present, but we did get a chance to meet the head teacher and see the school along with the second school building under construction.

Sylvester John, the manager of the Kambi Ya Tembo Lodge where we are staying,
is also an important liaison/supporter of the clinic/school project.
Here he explains the history of the school and the neighboring clinic.

A more complete story of Olmoti School is best described in the words from their website which I include below. 



Health and Education: A Winning Combination

In seeking to improve the heath and well-being of the Olmoti population, especially women and children, Olmoti Trust recognizes the importance of making education more accessible.


​Inspired by the stories of local mothers who told Dr. Diane Raleigh in 2015 that they couldn't send their first-graders to school because the trek was too long and dangerous, Olmoti Trust built a two-room Olmoti Primary School.


The school, adding to the growing village center anchored by Olmoti Clinic and Health Center, and our staff housing, opened in July 2016. The district government has provided three teachers to meet our growing enrollment of 240 children in morning and afternoon shifts. The Maasai demonstrated their commitment not just by enrolling their children but by building the school’s latrines -- donating labor, money and valuable goats to the cause.


The school provides a crucial link for children who otherwise would miss key foundational education and fall behind their peers by the time they were big enough to walk to the nearest primary school. 


In the photo below, don't be fooled by all the shaved heads that this is a school for boys only. Both girls and boys shave their heads, so its hard to tell in this picture who's who.Typically, in the school uniforms, girls wear skirts and boys wear pants, neither of which is visible in this photo. 

Photo courtesy of https://www.olmoticlinic.org/olmoti-primary-school

Stepping inside this empty room, I could only imagine what it must be like
to teach and manage a roomful of 60-70 students, seated 3-4 to a desk.
A classroom of more than 28 was considered overload when I taught middle school.

What dreams might the children have as they gaze out these windows?


A photo collage of teaching tools and student work

Stacks of well-worn student composition books are stored
in the teachers' office.

The photo below is a formal picture of the teacher who we met during our impromptu visit. According to Sylvester, she chose to come to this school and stays on as a teacher year after year despite the minimal pay and its remote location because she is devoted to making a difference in the lives of the students she teaches. Apparently, in other schools in similarly remote areas, it is difficult to attract and to keep teachers. Clearly, she is an exception.

Photo courtesy of https://www.olmoticlinic.org/olmoti-primary-school


Finally, the Olmoti Clinic:

The Initial Purpose of this Optional Learning and Discovery Excursion 


Mama Yaya is a Maasai midwife who, like her mother and grandmother before her, worked in this remote Olmoti region. And like her predecessors, she had a long-time dream of preventing the needless deaths of infants and mothers during childbirth. Then in 2009 she met two visiting American women, Diane Raleigh and Gloria Upchurch, who turned that dream into a reality by building a health clinic. And that was the start of something big. 

For more complete information about this amazing story, follow this link to the Olmoti Clinic website: https://www.olmoticlinic.org/story


This is the newly constructed breezeway that leads from the health clinic
to the new surgery and patient wards.

The upper photo is the new surgery and the lower photo is the view looking from the surgery to the clinic.
Note the solar panels and solar water heater on the roof.

The top photo shows the lay of the land in this remote region of northern Tanzania.
The small round huts with thatched roofs are the houses of the local Maasai people
which are typically built of mud and cow dung.
The lighter colored buildings made of cement blocks are houses for the medical and teaching staff
and are part of this growing Community Center.
One of several examination rooms in the clinic.

Another patient examination room in the clinic.

The lab in the clinic

One of several two-patient rooms in the surgery center wards.

The Health Center depends on non-profit organizations such as Vitamin Angels for many of their supplies.
According to their Facebook page, Vitamin Angels is a non-profit organization that distributes lifesaving and life changing
vitamins and minerals to children and mothers in need and has a Charity Navigator 4-star rating. https://www.vitaminangels.org/


The following is from the blog https://www.olmoticlinic.org/blog as posted on the Olmoti Clinic website. The photo and text provides an overview of the success of the clinic and the school. As witnessed during our visit in October 2018, the surgery facility and hospital wards are now open, and a second school building is under construction.  

A Village Center Emerges

March 7, 2018

By Rita Beamish

The construction of our new Health Center, with surgery facilities and wards, has been truly exciting, and an aerial view shows just how dramatically our work has changed Olmoti. Where once there was only windswept scrub, a village center has emerged. The community uses our school and clinic for meetings and organizing as well as for health needs and to educate 240 children!

The photo shows the three new buildings (under construction in this photo, but completed since) and our Olmoti clinic forming a quad in the foreground. In the background are the medical staff housing, doctor's house, teachers' housing, and on the far right our primary school!

Since this photo was taken, we saw a second school building under construction to the left of the school which is on the far right in this photo. 



As if this wasn't already enough Learning and Discovery, there still was one more encounter to meet a few of the local people before we returned to our camp for our late afternoon game drive.

But since I've gone on too long, I'll save that for my next blogpost.






Saturday, December 1, 2018

HILLS OF KILIMANJARO--More Game Drives, More Animals

Not all of the animals we saw on our twice daily game drives were the wild kind. In fact, counting numbers alone, we saw many more domestic cows, sheep and goats than elephants, zebras and giraffes. That's because we were in the land of the Maasai tribes who are traditionally nomadic herders. 


Nowadays, the Maasai are semi-nomadic, with the women and children staying put in the villages 
while the men and young warriors tend the cow, sheep and goat herds across the savanna.


We first saw their brightly colored clothing from a distance as we drove from the airport to the hills area; but once we got off the main road, their regular presence became part of the landscape. In fact, the youngest Maasai herders often heard or saw our vehicles sooner than we saw them and would come running from the bush shouting as we passed by. 

Were they looking for food? Water? Money? As a rule we never stopped, except this one time. 
Our driver/guide gave the young man a bottle of water which he appeared to appreciate. 

This is the clothing of a typical Maasai male.
The shúka (sheets worn wrapped around the body, with one over each shoulder
and a third over the top of them) stand out vividly against the landscape.
He also wears the rubber tire sandals and carries a long stick
typical of most Massai males from the time they can walk.

As this young man turned to go back to his herd of goats, I could see his long, braided hair. Unlike most Western cultures where girls and women have long hair, his hair is typically Maasai. It reveals that he is a young male warrior and his long hair and shiny metal adornments, as seen in the previous photo, are designed to attract women. On the other hand, young girls and boys along with older men all shave their heads while grown married women keep their hair covered only to be seen by their husbands.



More Animals

Only in retrospect am I able to articulate the difference between seeing the animals in the hills region of northern Tanzania with our experiences later in the Serengeti, Tanganire National Park, and the Ngorongoro crater. And this photo succinctly captures two of the biggest differences--
proximity and exclusivity. 

Because vehicles are allowed to drive off road, we were able to get very close to the animals for viewing and taking pictures. In fact, often I was able to use my iPhone7+ to capture the scene (like this photo) rather than my Canon Powershot SX60 HS. I also like this photo because it shows the context of our game drives with one of our two Land Cruisers peeking out from behind a bush. 
As for exclusivity, except for one time, we were the only vehicles out looking for game unlike elsewhere where we were among dozens of safari vehicles.


You can see from this picture just how close we were able to get on our walkabouts.
This was taken by Doug with his Canon 5x optical zoom camera.
Being able to stand on the same ground with these two giraffes
was both an empowering and a humbling experience. 


A group of giraffe is called a ‘tower’ of giraffe, as their heads can often be seen sticking high above the trees on the horizon.

Notice how well this giraffe's coloring and pattern mimic its habitat. 

By off-roading, we were able to follow animal trails along with the keen knowledge
of our Trip Leader and driver/guide to look for animals on our game drives.

While I have many better photos of elephants, the following pictures show how close we could get to them. 
All the elephants we observed tended to browse, which means they moved slowly through an area while they ate. 
And we experienced no threatening or active encounters with any elephant groups. 
Instead, we were able to quietly watch them walk, rub up against trees, strip leaves from trees and shrubs, 
while simultaneously monitoring their babies' whereabouts. 


A group of elephants is called a ‘memory’ of elephants.
This is in reference to their strong family ties, intelligence, and reputedly long memories.



Seeing animal butts is very common as they tend to walk away as we would approach.
But don't you just love the crossed-leg stance of the young elephant on the left?



Interestingly, this was one of the few other vehicles we saw while on our game drives in the Mount Kilimanjaro savanna region. 
It had become stuck in a badger hole and needed the help of one of our drivers to get out. 


Later, with no real roads to follow, our driver/guides took us to the border between Tanzania and Kenya. How they could find their way in this vastness with no apparent landmarks or GPS devices attests to their skill and deep knowledge of the area. 


The border between the two countries appears as an unofficial, invisible line in the savanna, but shortly after we arrived, the Kenyan border patrol arrived on his motorbike to check us out. Here, he and our driver/guide Salum exchange pleasantries and whatever. Apparently, Tanzania is much more laissez-faire than Kenya with who crosses this border, where and when.


While we were able to take pictures at this official border marker, we would not have been allowed to walk or drive much further into Kenya on our own. This difference in attitudes makes for some antagonistic relations between the two neighboring countries.


A group of humans is called a crowd, a tribe, a clan, a gang, a mob, a community . . . depending upon its size.
What must be Ronjo's thoughts as he scans the landscape of his homeland? 
The history of the Maasai is similar to that of Native Americans in that the government 
has moved them from their native lands and not fulfilled all the promises they made. 
But I'll address that in a later blog.


The Maasai are known for their beadwork,
and both men and women wear bracelets, ankle cuffs, and necklaces.
Men also carry machetes as part of their daily dress
which can be seen on Ronjo's right hip.

A group of zebra is called a ‘dazzle’ perhaps because zebra are one of the most strikingly beautiful animals in the African bush. 



The term for a group of wildebeest (also known as gnu) is a ‘confusion’ of wildebeest.
This probably originates from the noise and confusion that happens in large migratory movements of wildebeest.

This is one of many Ostriches which we saw both here and in the Serengeti.
They are relatively easy to spot in the distance because they are so big.


A little-known fact is that vultures belong to the fastest declining group of birds in the world. Most of the vultures are being poisoned by poachers who put the poison in dead carcasses. One poisoned carcass can kill up to a 100 birds. Poachers know that soaring vultures in the sky can alert game rangers to their whereabouts. So they poison the vultures which allows them to do their illegal business without being watched.


Tanzania has eight species of vultures belonging to the same family as eagles, buzzards, hawks and kites.
The most commonly-seen vultures are the white-backed,
while the largest vulture in Tanzania is the lappet-faced vulture, with a wingspan of up to 3m. 
 

We saw plenty of these pretty turquoise birds,
and I was even able to capture this photo. But I can't remember what it is.
(EDIT: According to a reader, it is a lilac breasted roller. Asante) 

On our last full day in the hills region, we celebrated a successful pre-trip and the beauty of a Tanzanian sunset with a cocktail party in the bush. Even though we never experienced that iconic view of Mount Kilimanjaro, the animals we did see and the people we met made up for it and left long-lasting impressions and memories.





In this east-looking view you can just see the lights of our tented camp, Kambi Ya Tembo.

Maisha mareful!  Cheers!



References: 
https://africageographic.com/blog/best-collective-nouns-animals-safari/
https://www.tanzania-experience.com/blog/vultures-efficient-cleaners/
https://greenglobaltravel.com/maasai-culture-tanzania/
https://www.zegrahm.com/blog/maasai-culture-history-understanding-soul-east-africa